Where is procaine metabolized?
Procaine is an ester anesthetic. It is metabolized in the plasma by the enzyme pseudocholinesterase through hydrolysis into para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), which is then excreted by the kidneys into the urine.
How is procaine metabolism?
Procaine is metabolized in the serum of horses to para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and diethylaminoethanol (DEAE) through the action of plasma esterases. Equine synovial fluid has approximately 20% of the procaine esterase activity of plasma.
How are local anesthetics absorbed?
Since local anesthetics are vasodilators, they tend to be absorbed into the bloodstream from the operative field because of vasodilatation of peripheral arterioles. Epinephrine induces vasoconstriction, delaying absorption of the local anesthetic for longer duration of action at the site of injection.
Does procaine dissolve?
Procaine is an ester of p-aminobenzoic acid. Its solubility in water is 5 mg/ml and its melting point is 61°C. Its hydrochloride is very soluble in water and has a melting point between 154°C and 158°C. Procainamide hydrochloride is also very soluble in water and has a melting point between 166°C and 170°C.
What is the function of procaine?
Procaine penicillin is an antibiotic that fights bacteria in your body. Procaine penicillin is used to treat many different types of infections caused by bacteria, including syphilis (a sexually transmitted disease). Do not use this medication for any other infection that has not been checked by your doctor.
What is procaine used for?
Procaine is injected and used to numb pain. Taking procaine with succinylcholine can cause the numbing to last too long.
Why is epinephrine given with local anesthetic?
Epinephrine is widely used as an additive in local anesthetics (typically in concentrations of 1:100,000) to improve the depth and duration of the anesthesia, as well as to reduce bleeding in the operative field.
What is another name for procaine?
Owing to the ubiquity of the trade name Novocain, in some regions, procaine is referred to generically as novocaine. It acts mainly as a sodium channel blocker.
How long does procaine last for?
Its effect begins after 5–10 minutes and lasts approximately 45 minutes. The maximum dose used is 250 mg, which corresponds to 50 ml of a 0.5% concentration. Although classical texts emphasize the hazard of allergic reactions, we have used procaine several times daily for over 20 years without any problems.
Does procaine make you sleepy?
Procaine side effects dizziness or drowsiness; anxiety or restlessness; nausea or vomiting; or. trembling, shaking, or seizures (convulsions).
What is procaine made from?
Procaine is a benzoate ester, formally the result of esterification of 4-aminobenzoic acid with 2-diethylaminoethanol but formed experimentally by reaction of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate with 2-diethylaminoethanol.