What is pleiotropy and give the relationship to cytokine activities?
Cytokine pleiotropy is the ability of a cytokine to exert many different types of responses, often on different cell types, whereas cytokine redundancy refers to the fact that many different cytokines can induce similar signals.
What do you mean by redundancy of cytokines?
Cytokine redundancy is a term in immunology referring to the phenomenon in which, and the ability of, multiple cytokines to exert similar actions. This phenomenon is largely due to multiple cytokines utilizing common receptor subunits and common intracellular cell signalling molecules/pathways.
Which cytokines are pleiotropic?
Substances
- Cytokines.
- Interleukin-3.
- Interleukin-6.
- Recombinant Proteins.
- Interleukin-4.
- Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor.
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor.
What are the three classes of cytokines?
Types of Cytokines
- Interferons.
- Chemokines.
- Interleukins (many interleukins are considered to be lymphokines)
- TNF (tumor necrosis factor)
What is cytokine antagonists?
Cytokine antagonists are a group of drugs defined by their actions on specific cytokines. Cytokine antagonists can inhibit action of cytokines by acting directly on receptors, by affecting production of cytokines or by binding to cytokines and preventing their subsequent action.
What does each cytokine do?
Cytokines are small proteins that are crucial in controlling the growth and activity of other immune system cells and blood cells. When released, they signal the immune system to do its job. Cytokines affect the growth of all blood cells and other cells that help the body’s immune and inflammation responses.
Are cytokines and interleukins the same thing?
Interleukins are a group of cytokines that were first seen to be expressed by white blood cells. Cytokines are a broad category of small proteins that are important in cell signaling. They are released by cells and affect the behavior of other cells, and sometimes the releasing cell itself.
Is pleiotropy a feature of cytokines?
All cytokines, to a greater or lesser extent, exhibit pleiotropy (multiple biological actions) and redundancy (shared biological actions).
What are 4 types of cytokines?
Cytokines can be divided into several categories including the interferons, colony-stimulating-factors (CSF), interleukins, chemokines, transforming growth factors (TGF), and tumor necrosis factors.
What are the 5 cytokines?
Cytokines include Interleukins, Lymphokines, Monokines, Interferons (IFN), colony stimulating factors (CSF), Chemokines and a variety of other proteins.
How do interferons and interleukins work?
Interferons are glycoproteins produced by a wide variety of cells in response to infection. Interleukins are a group of cytokines that play crucial roles in proliferation, activation, maturation, and differentiation of immune cells.
What are cytokines immunology?