What is included in surface anatomy?
Surface anatomy deals with anatomical features that can be studied by sight, without dissection. As such, it is a branch of gross anatomy, along with endoscopic and radiological anatomy. Surface anatomy is a descriptive science.
How do you surface mark abdominal aorta?
The line of the abdominal aorta begins in the middle line about 4 cm. above the transpyloric line and extends to a point 2 cm. below and to the left of the umbilicus—or more accurately to a point 2 cm. to the left of the middle line on a line which passes through the highest points of the iliac crests (A A’, Fig.
What is abdominal surface anatomy?
Abdominal surface anatomy can be described when viewed from in front of the abdomen in 2 ways: divided into 9 regions by two vertical and two horizontal imaginary planes. divided into 4 quadrants by single vertical and horizontal imaginary planes.
What is surface anatomy of the heart?
The heart has five surfaces: base (posterior), diaphragmatic (inferior), sternocostal (anterior), and left and right pulmonary surfaces. It also has several margins: right, left, superior, and inferior: The right margin is the small section of the right atrium that extends between the superior and inferior vena cava.
Why is it important to know the surface anatomy of the chest?
Identifying and marking the relevant surface anatomy of the chest wall can assist in preparation for surgery on the chest. Anterior landmarks of the chest include the nipple and sternal notch.
What is male surface?
Following an engineering convention, an ovoid surface is called “male” if it is convex, “female” if it is concave. In any diarthrosis having ovoid conarticular surfaces, the male surface is always of larger area than the female.
What are the four Abdominopelvic quadrants?
Four abdominopelvic quadrants:
- right-upper quadrant (RUQ)
- left-upper quadrant (LUQ)
- right-lower quadrant (RLQ)
- left-lower quadrant.
What are the four abdominal quadrants?
Four abdominal quadrants
- right upper quadrant fossa (RUQ)
- right lower quadrant fossa (RLQ)
- left lower quadrant fossa (LLQ)
- left upper quadrant fossa (LUQ)
What is the importance of surface anatomy?
Understanding and using surface anatomy is key to interpreting normal anatomy on medical images and being able to describe the location, appearance and relationships of palpable anatomical structures. It is the definition of usable anatomy.
What is surface anatomy thorax?
The thorax is the region of the body commonly known as the chest between the neck and the abdomen. The thoracic cavity is the hollow in the thorax that is occupied by the thoracic viscera, the heart and its associated vessels in the midline, and the lungs laterally.
What is the surface of the heart called?
epicardium
The epicardium is a thin layer on the surface of the heart in which the coronary arteries lie. The pericardium is a thin sac the heart sits in, often filled with a small amount of fluid, which separates the heart from the other structures in the chest such as the lungs.