What is an Antileishmanial agent?
ChEBI ID. CHEBI:70868. Definition. An antiprotozoal drug used to treat or prevent infections caused by protozoan parasites that belong to the genus Leishmania.
What is Leishmaniose?
Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease that is found in parts of the tropics, subtropics, and southern Europe. Leishmaniasis is caused by infection with Leishmania parasites, which are spread by the bite of infected sand flies.
What is the vector of kala azar?
Disease is caused by protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani. Phlebetomus argentipes (sand fly) is the vector transmitting Visceral Leishmaniasis (Kala-azar) in India.
Who Leishmania fact sheet?
Key facts. There are 3 main forms of leishmaniases – visceral (also known as kala-azar, which is and the most serious form of the disease), cutaneous (the most common), and mucocutaneous. Leishmaniasis is caused by protozoan parasites which are transmitted by the bite of infected female phlebotomine sandflies.
How is miltefosine given?
Miltefosine (Impavido™) is the first oral drug for leishmaniasis, giving cure rates of 98%. The drug can be administered orally and has the potential to be used at the community level and even during an epidemic [2].
Is Leishmania unicellular or multicellular?
Leishmania, a unicellular Trypanosomatid protozoan parasite causes a wide range of human diseases ranging from the localized self-healing cutaneous lesions to fatal visceral infections.
Where is leishmaniasis endemic?
Importance Leishmaniasis is recognized as an endemic human disease in Africa, the Middle East, Asia, and South America.
Is kala-azar eradicated from India?
The eradication of kala azar in India is achievable and there are favorable circumstances for doing so. Humans are the only reservoir host in this region for the parasite causing the disease. The only way the disease spreads from human to human is by one insect in the region, Phlebotomus argentipes.
Is kala-azar caused by mosquitoes?
What causes kala azar? Kala azar is caused by bites from female phlebotomine sandflies – the vector (or transmitter) of the leishmania parasite. The sand flies feed on animals and humans for blood, which they need for developing their eggs.
Can mosquitoes carry leishmaniasis?
Without appropriate treatment, leishmaniasis can lead to death. There is no effective vaccine. The nocturnal mosquitoes of the genus Culex transmit the so-called Sindbis virus. It is most common in African regions, but scientists have also found it in mosquitoes and humans in European countries.
Can cutaneous leishmaniasis turn into visceral?
Both cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis may result in disfigurement, but mucosal involvement is generally more serious. Two organisms, L. donovani and L. infantum, cause most cases of visceral leishmaniasis, the most serious form.
When is miltefosine used?
Miltefosine is used to treat a certain infection called leishmaniasis. It works by stopping the growth of certain parasites.