What causes stunned myocardium?
Stunned myocardium is a condition of transient left ventricular dysfunction following an ischemic event to the myocardium. It occurs if coronary blood flow was impaired for a brief period of time (5 to 15 minutes).
What is a stunned myocardium?
Definitions: Stunned myocardium is viable myocardium salvaged by coronary reperfusion that exhibits prolonged postischemic dysfunction after reperfusion. Hibernating myocardium is ischemic myocardium supplied by a narrowed coronary artery in which ischemic cells remain viable but contraction is chronically depressed.
Is takotsubo cardiomyopathy a myocardial infarction?
The authors deemed the cases as myocardial infarction–triggered takotsubo syndrome with left ventricular wall motion abnormality in the apical region, which was not supplied by the occluded coronary arteries. They appropriately concluded that myocardial infarction and takotsubo syndrome are not mutually exclusive.
What is neurogenic stunned myocardium?
Neurogenic stunned myocardium (NSM) is defined as the occurrence of cardiac abnormalities due to neurological events such as stroke, seizures, etc. These events lead to dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and ultimately cause injury to the myocardium.
What happens in myocardial stunning?
Myocardial Cell Stunning In general, stunning occurs after a state of acutely diminished myocardial blood flow followed by adequate reperfusion. After establishing “normal” blood flow, there remains for a time diminished contractility; that is, perfusion/contractility mismatch.
How common is hibernating myocardium?
Between 20% and 50% of people with heart failure caused by coronary artery disease (CAD) may have a substantial amount of hibernating myocardium. Hibernating myocardium typically causes no discernible symptoms, although some people experience chest pain or shortness of breath.
How is myocardium hibernating diagnosis?
Hibernating myocardium has also been diagnosed by assessing contractile reserve, usually using echocardiography or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and low‐dose dobutamine. A region of the myocardium not initially contracting may contract when stimulated inotropically by low‐dose dobutamine.
What is neurogenic edema?
INTRODUCTION. Neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) is an increase in pulmonary interstitial and alveolar fluid that is due to an acute central nervous system injury and usually develops rapidly after the injury [1].
What is takotsubo?
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM) is generally a short-term (temporary) type of heart condition. It can be triggered by an intense emotional or physical stress. It causes sudden chest pain or shortness of breath. The symptoms of TCM can look like a heart attack.
How long does it take for stunned myocardium to recover?
In stunned myocardium, contractile function improved significantly at 3 months, without further improvement at 14 months; 61% of the stunned segments improved at 3 months, and 9% improved at 14 months.