What is spherical crystallization?
Spherical crystallization is defined as “An agglomeration process that transforms crystalline drug directly into compact spherical forms for improving the flowability, solubility and compactability”.
What is crystallization in medicine?
Crystallization is used as the final separation and purification step in a wide variety of materials from commodity chemicals to specialty chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and foods. It is the final step in more than 70% of small-molecule pharmaceutical manufacture.
How are drugs divided?
Drugs used in medicine generally are divided into classes or groups on the basis of their uses, their chemical structures, or their mechanisms of action. These different classification systems can be confusing, since each drug may be included in multiple classes.
How is crystallization used in pharmaceuticals?
Crystallization is a key unit operation and an important step in processing and development within the pharmaceutical industry, and it is used in the separation and purification of intermediate compounds and Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs). Over 80% of drug products involving at least one crystallization step.
What is good solubility for a drug?
A drug is considered highly soluble when the highest dose strength is soluble in 250 mL or less of aqueous media over the pH range of 1 to 7.5.
What are the 4 classifications of drugs?
In general, addictive drugs may be classified as Stimulants, Depressants, Hallucinogens, or Opioids. These four drug classifications separate substances by how they interact with the brain and alter a person’s mindset and behavior.
What are the 7 categories of drugs?
7 Drug Categories
- (1) Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants. CNS depressants slow down the operations of the brain and the body.
- (2) CNS Stimulants.
- (3) Hallucinogens.
- (4) Dissociative Anesthetics.
- (5) Narcotic Analgesics.
- (6) Inhalants.
- (7) Cannabis.
What is crystallinity in pharmacy?
Synopsis. Crystallization is crucial in the pharmaceutical industry as a separation process for intermediates and as the final step in the manufacture of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs).
What is the mechanism of crystallization?
Conventional crystallization mechanisms consist of nucleation, growth, and maturation of the crystals, thus resulting in a crystalline lattice. Co-crystallization or seeding agents and emerging technologies such as ultrasound can be used to aid in crystallization and improve the physical properties of fats and oils.
How does water solubility affect drug distribution?
Drugs that dissolve in water (water-soluble drugs), such as the antihypertensive drug atenolol, tend to stay within the blood and the fluid that surrounds cells (interstitial space). Drugs that dissolve in fat (fat-soluble drugs), such as the antianxiety drug clorazepate, tend to concentrate in fatty tissues.
Which form of drug has highest solubility?
11. Which form of a drug has greater solubility? Explanation: Anhydrous form of a drug has a greater aqueous solubility than the hydrates. This is because the hydrates are already in interaction with the water and therefore have less energy for crystal breakup.