Are open hearth furnaces still used?
Though the open-hearth process has been almost completely replaced in most industrialized countries by the basic oxygen process and the electric arc furnace, it nevertheless accounts for about one-sixth of all steel produced worldwide.
What is the difference between the open hearth furnace and the Bessemer furnace?
Compared with the Bessemer process, which it displaced, its main advantages were that it did not expose the steel to excessive nitrogen (which would cause the steel to become brittle), was easier to control, and permitted the melting and refining of large amounts of scrap iron and steel.
Which of the following is a disadvantage of the open hearth furnace?
The basic open hearth furnace, the world’s greatest steel producer at present, suffers under the disadvantage of greater cost of operation than the Bessemer converter, due chiefly to costs for fuel, labor and repairs.
How hot is an open hearth furnace?
steel production The open-hearth furnace was fired with air and fuel gas that were preheated by combustion gases to 800° C (1,450°…
What is the necessity of open hearth furnace?
The furnace. The open-hearth furnace (OHF) uses the heat of combustion of gaseous or liquid fuels to convert a charge of scrap and liquid blast-furnace iron to liquid steel. The high flame temperature required for melting is obtained by preheating the combustion air and, sometimes, the fuel gas.
Can we use as a fuel in open hearth furnace?
Explanation: Only gaseous fuels are used for the burning process in an open hearth furnace. Peat is a very basic form of coal and cannot be used as a fuel here. 8.
Can we use it as fuel in open hearth furnace?
Explanation: Only gaseous fuels are used for the burning process in an open hearth furnace. Peat is a very basic form of coal and cannot be used as a fuel here. 8. Open hearth furnace is a faster operation process than oxygen furnace.
Is the Bessemer process still used today?
Knowledge of materials grew, scientific understanding advanced, and new smelting processes were discovered, The Bessemer Process became obsolete. The method stopped being used in the US completely in 1968. Electric air furnaces and other more technical oxygen steelmaking processes took its place.
How is steel made in an open hearth furnace?
The open-hearth furnace (OHF) uses the heat of combustion of gaseous or liquid fuels to convert a charge of scrap and liquid blast-furnace iron to liquid steel. The high flame temperature required for melting is obtained by preheating the combustion air and, sometimes, the fuel gas.
What are the advantages of open-hearth process?
The advantages of open-hearth production are great flexibility, the possibility of using the process on any production scale, less stringent requirements for the initial materials, the relative simplicity of monitoring and control of the smelting process, the high quality and wide variety of smelted steels, and the …
What replaced Bessemer process?
Although the process itself was much slower, by 1900 the open hearth process had largely replaced the Bessemer process.
What is the difference between LD and Bessemer converter?
The LD converter, named after the Austrian towns Linz and Donawitz (a district of Leoben) is a refined version of the Bessemer converter where blowing of air is replaced with blowing oxygen. It reduced capital cost of the plants and smelting time, and increased labor productivity.