What ligament resists valgus forces at the elbow?
The medial collateral ligament (MCL)
The medial collateral ligament (MCL) resists valgus force and supports the ulnohumeral joint. The lateral collateral ligament (LCL) prevents rotational instability between the distal humerus and the proximal radius and ulna.
Is valgus force lateral?
Description. There are two collateral ligaments of the knee: the medial collateral ligament (MCL) and the lateral collateral ligament (LCL). Injuries of the MCL are much more common, owing to its exposure to damage from a blow to the outside of the knee, creating a so-called valgus force.
Why does valgus stress trauma to the elbow?
In other words, as the forearm lays back in external rotation and reaches Maximum External Rotation (MER), valgus stress is pulling the bones in the elbow apart while the UCL stabilizes it. Over time, this can cause the UCL to tear and eventually rupture.
Is UCL same as MCL?
Sometimes also referred to as the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL), the MCL of the elbow attaches the ulna (which, along with the radius, makes up the bones of the lower arm) to the humerus, the bone of the upper arm.
What muscles stabilize the elbow?
Contribution to elbow stability comes in the form of protection against varus and valgus forces. Muscles that protect against valgus forces by initiating a varus force include the flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor carpi radialis, and the pronator teres.
What causes valgus?
While there are multiple reasons for Valgus deformity, the primary cause is genetics. When genetics are the reason for the deformity, both legs are affected with an angle. If you have Valgus deformity, chances are that someone in your family has the same condition.
What’s the difference between valgus and varus?
It is determined by the distal part being more medial or lateral than it should be. Whenever the distal part is more lateral, it is called valgus. Whenever the distal part is more medial, it is called varus.
Is valgus medial or lateral?
What causes Tommy John?
If Tommy John Surgery is recommended, it usually means overuse caused the UCL to fray, tear or become loose. The arm and elbow will not be able to be used without extreme pain if the UCL is loose. A fall on an outstretched arm can also cause stretching, fraying and small tears in the UCL.
What is elbow valgus?
Cubitus valgus is a deformity in which the forearm is angled out away from the body when the arm is fully extended. When it affects both arms, it’s known as cubitus valgus bilateral.
Where does the UCL attach?
The ulnar collateral ligament complex is located on the inside of the elbow (pinky or medial side). It is attached on one side to the humerus (the bone of the upper arm) and on the other side to the ulna (a bone in the forearm).
How do you apply valgus force to the elbow?
A valgus force is applied by pulling the patient’s thumb while the examiner’s other hand stabilizes the elbow and palpates the medial joint line. A modification of the milking maneuver is performed with the shoulder adducted, maximally externally rotated, and the elbow flexed to 70° as a valgus stress is applied by pulling the thumb.9
What is the elbow valgus stress test?
The elbow valgus stress test is used to assess the integrity of the medial collateral ligament, also known as the ulnar collateral ligament. Technique.
What is valgus instability of the elbow?
The patient’s shoulder is abducted and externally rotated while the elbow is ranged from maximal flexion to 30° flexion as a valgus force is applied. A patient with valgus instability will experience medial elbow pain or apprehension in the 70° to 120° flexion range.
What is valgus extension overload or pitcher’s elbow?
Valgus Extension Overload, also known as Pitcher’s elbow, is a condition characterized by posteromedial elbow pain related to repetitive microtrauma in throwing athletes.