What hypertensive disorders occur during pregnancy?
Elevated blood pressure in pregnancy may represent chronic hypertension (occurring before 20 weeks’ gestation or persisting longer than 12 weeks after delivery), gestational hypertension (occurring after 20 weeks’ gestation), preeclampsia, or preeclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension.
What are the six different potential hypertensive disorders that can occur in pregnancy?
Hypertensive disease of pregnancy, also known as maternal hypertensive disorder, is a group of high blood pressure disorders that include preeclampsia, preeclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension, gestational hypertension, and chronic hypertension.
How is hypertension in pregnancy defined?
More than 50% of women with a first BP reading of ≥140/90 mm Hg have white-coat effect. Hypertension in pregnancy is defined as an SBP ≥140 mm Hg and/or a DBP ≥90 mm Hg (average of at least 2 measurements taken at least 15 minutes apart).
How does hypertension compromise placental function?
PIH significantly affects the placenta by reducing its weight and dimensions. These changes may cause placental insufficiency as a result of compromised utero-placental blood flow. Therefore has an adverse affect on the neonatal birth weight.
What are the three forms of pregnancy induced hypertension?
There are three main types of high blood pressure during pregnancy:
- Chronic hypertension. This is high blood pressure you had before you became pregnant.
- Gestational hypertension. This is high blood pressure you get after your 20th week of pregnancy.
- Preeclampsia.
Why does pregnancy-induced hypertension occur?
Why is pregnancy-induced hypertension a concern? With high blood pressure, there is an increase in the resistance of blood vessels. This may hinder blood flow in many different organ systems in the expectant mother including the liver, kidneys, brain, uterus, and placenta.
How is gestational hypertension different from preeclampsia?
Gestational hypertension is high blood pressure without protein in the urine or other organ damage during pregnancy. A percentage of women (10 to 25 percent) with gestational hypertension can progress to having preeclampsia.
Why does hypertension occur in preeclampsia?
An initiating event in preeclampsia has been postulated to be reduced placental perfusion that leads to widespread dysfunction of the maternal vascular endothelium by mechanisms that remain to be defined (see Figure). Potential mechanisms whereby chronic reductions in uteroplacental perfusion may lead to hypertension.
Why does pregnancy induced hypertension occur?
What are the three forms of pregnancy-induced hypertension?
What are the diagnostic criteria for pregnancy-induced hypertension?
Criteria for hypertension — During pregnancy, hypertension is defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg. Severe hypertension is defined as systolic blood pressure ≥160 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥110 mmHg.
What is the pathophysiology of preeclampsia complicated by hypertension?
Pregnancy complicated by hypertension is commonly associated with placental insufficiency, thereby resulting in fetal growth retardation. Furthermore, reduced utero-placental blood flow has been recognized in cases of severe preeclampsia with hypertension. Thus, it must be assumed that histological …
How common is morphological change in patients with hypertension (high blood pressure)?
There were 74% of patients with some form of morphological change: 39% schistocytes, 19% echinocytes, 12% spherocytes and 4% dacrocytes in the peripheral blood smear ( Table 2 ). Table 1. Classification of patients with hypertension according to age group
Do hypertensive disorders of pregnancy affect erythrocytes?
A high percentage of patients with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy show some morphologic alterations of erythrocytes in peripheral blood smear. Hypertensive disorders that complicate pregnancy are part of the triad along with hemorrhage and sepsis, which significantly contribute to maternal morbidity and mortality 1, 2.
What are hypertensive disorders that complicate pregnancy?
Hypertensive disorders that complicate pregnancy are part of the triad along with hemorrhage and sepsis, which significantly contribute to maternal morbidity and mortality 1, 2. The manner in which pregnancy incites or aggravates hypertension is still unclear and remains one of the most important and unresolved issues in obstetrics.